Septal closure, also known as atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, is a procedure used to treat a hole in the wall (septum) between the upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria. This hole is called an atrial septal defect (ASD), and it can lead to abnormal blood flow between the atria, which may cause symptoms or complications over time.
During an ASD closure procedure:
Preparation: The patient is typically given sedation or anesthesia to ensure comfort during the procedure. The procedure is often performed in a catheterization laboratory (cath lab) or hybrid operating room.
Insertion of the Device: A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided to the heart under X-ray or ultrasound guidance. A special device, such as an ASD closure device, is then delivered through the catheter to the site of the ASD.
Closure of the ASD: The device is deployed at the site of the ASD, where it expands and covers the hole in the septum. Over time, tissue grows over the device, permanently closing the ASD and restoring normal blood flow between the atria.
Monitoring and Recovery: After the device is successfully implanted, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to prevent bleeding. The patient is monitored closely for a short period before being discharged. Blood thinning medications (anticoagulants) are typically continued for a period of time after the procedure to prevent blood clots while the tissue grows over the device.
ASD closure is usually recommended for individuals who have symptoms related to their ASD, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, or recurrent respiratory infections, or for those who have an increased risk of complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or stroke due to the ASD. Closure of the ASD helps prevent abnormal blood flow between the atria, reduces symptoms, and lowers the risk of complications associated with the defect.