Pacemaker insertion, also known as pacemaker implantation or pacemaker placement, is a surgical procedure performed to implant a small electronic device called a pacemaker into the chest or abdomen of a patient. Pacemakers are commonly used to treat heart rhythm disorders, particularly bradycardia (a slow heartbeat) or certain types of arrhythmias where the heart’s natural pacemaker is not functioning properly.
Here’s an overview of the pacemaker insertion procedure:
- Preparation: Before the procedure, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including medical history review, physical examination, and possibly additional tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, or cardiac catheterization. The patient may need to stop certain medications prior to the procedure.
- Anesthesia: Pacemaker insertion is typically performed under local anesthesia, which numbs the area where the incision will be made. In some cases, sedation may also be given to help the patient relax.
- Incision: The surgeon makes a small incision (usually about 5-7 centimeters long) in the chest or abdomen, typically just below the collarbone (for chest implantation) or beneath the skin of the abdomen (for abdominal implantation).
- Placement of Leads: Thin, flexible wires called leads are inserted through a vein and advanced into the heart. The leads are guided to the appropriate location within the heart chambers and secured in place. The leads are connected to the pacemaker device, which is implanted under the skin near the incision site.
- Testing: Once the leads are in position, the pacemaker is tested to ensure proper function and pacing parameters. The pacing rate, voltage, and sensing thresholds are adjusted as needed to optimize device performance.
- Closure: After confirming the proper function of the pacemaker, the incision site is closed with sutures or adhesive strips, and a sterile dressing is applied.
- Recovery: The patient is usually monitored for a brief period in a recovery area before being discharged home. Recovery time varies depending on the individual and the type of pacemaker implantation performed. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days to a week after the procedure.
- Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor the pacemaker function, adjust settings if necessary, and ensure the overall health of the patient.
Pacemaker insertion is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly improve the quality of life for patients with certain heart rhythm disorders.